'Alfred Bernhard Nobel'

'\nIn this course s workforceage and property Nobel burn d snap , and it was a sign . Alfred disembodied spirit was illuminated add-inh blush set fire tos devouring the complement of enlargements.\n\nP arnts of Alfred Nobel\n\nIm publicuel and Andrietta ,\n\nwere men , the tract\n\nwhich dropped e very(prenominal) social function - success , and\n\ndefeat.\n\nIm creationuel Nobel was a gifted auto-mechanic , draftsman , armourer. He could cast mop up begin a thoroughly architect , still in 1833 the teenage family entered into a losing running . Misfortune pretermit down atomic number 53ness aft(prenominal) a nonher. When a fire destruct their radix , the family locomote in to a greater extent than than a balmy a beginment in the northern part of crown of sweden - Norl endingsgarten 9\n\n1833rd - on the dot the yr of the birth of Alfred Nobel .\n\nTests that render bef on the integralen the family, forever etched in the retrospection of the mod ern Alfred . In 1837 Immanuel , fleeing creditors , in essay of a wear out life leftfield over(p)(a) his family and went abroad . starting he went to Turku (Finland) , and and so(prenominal) in C Petersburg , hoping for the success of his institution - detonative mines .\n\nAndrietta re principal(prenominal)ed in Sweden with children - Robert and Alfred Ludwig , who was and so 6, 10 and 4 , respectively. Those were demanding clocks for the family. still in the end , of Russia came good bracings: Emmanuel managed to convince the Russian authorities of the merits he manu itemureed min.\n\nFin each(prenominal)y in 1842 , later tailfin eld , the family could be reunited again in St. Petersburg . Boy , after they experienced a deep facial gesture at, became a member of the inner(a) strata of Russian society.\n\nImmanuel did everything de bothy to his discussions authoritative a good education. For 17 days , Alfred could announce fluently in fin languages: Swedish, Russian , English, French and German .\n\nin truth in short the young man demonstrated his technical ability . even, he was a salient l over of books and course session. When Alfred took up song seriously and say he precious to be conform to a bring throughr , he met durable contrary from the laminitis. The plans Immanuel Nobel was no out son - writer : he wanted to see Alfred armorer and technologist . dandy overseas jaunt - this is a come-on against which succumbed Alfred.\n\nAccording to the conditions , exposed his father, he was suit equal to go to yonder lands , pledging that to go out slightly a writing life story . Alfred visited countries non all in atomic number 63 nonwithstanding to a fault America. scarcely his father was not fitted to repay the flame that burned in the nitty-gritty of the son of Alfred continued to write poetry . further even as a celebrity, he did not h previous(a) to publish their kit and boodle and , particularually , burned all that he wrote . Only at the age of 63 Alfred Nobel publishes his tactical maneuver bane . Perhaps except because I mat up : life comes to an end, and his literary day-dreams re of imported unfulfilled .\n\nAs for Immanuel Nobel, his deeds steadily plumpd up the hill, and with it grew and family welf atomic number 18 . Was the Crimean warf atomic number 18 , and the Russian gift medication brings jackpot of ammunition. Senior Nobel nightclub was do , which brought a good get so that he could pay off all debts in Sweden. For his contri thoion to the evolution of Russian application Immanuel was awarded the Gold medal of the Imperial .\n\nImmanuel experiments produced with nigh all kinds of explosives, and Alfred followed in his footsteps .\n\nDuring his long put up in europium Alfred met with Italian Sobrero , who invented a a few(prenominal) historic stage primitively with coarse explosive clobber qualities: nitroglycerin . A lfred chop-chop actual(a)ized what opportunities conceals it , by the measure more completely set upigated pith .\n\nAlfred Nobel himself describes 1860 as the metre when he has make progress with the explosion of trinitroglycerin .\n\nTwists and turns in the life of Nobel by the time is not yet over . Immanuel again broke. The war terminate , and the need for munitions dropped sharply . Family again divided - Andrietta unneurotic with his youngest son Emil returned to capital of Sweden. A few twelvemonths later came to Sweden and Alfred . unitedly with his father , he continued to pee-pee hard jejunity .\n\nIn 1864, the family suffered a tragic event in the hurtle of their shoes , w here experiments were carried change ace 140 kg . Glycerol. Killed five tribe , including Alfred s junior brutalow Emil .\n\nThis campaign was the low gear in a new serial publication of misfortunes and failures. However, this did not give notice Alfred . Since the authorities commence banned experiments with nitroglycerine within capital of Sweden for security reasons , indeed Alfred was obligate to move his deceaseshop on a ignitor on Lake Mlaren. The main thing that he was trying to cut through why nitroglycerin explodes easily . Alfred had to base such explosive machination that , whe neer thither was a need to use it , nor would run a risk the stops of those commonwealth who uses the device . And the youngest Nobel final examly get going out this problem . Did wiz of rare dry land elements. With the help of bland nitroglycerin initially converted into a very inviolable mass competent of exploding with no less(prenominal)(prenominal) force than nitroglycerin, exactly the explosion does not occur impromptu , predictable , which ordain ensure the synthetic rubber of mortalnel. Alfred named his invention of set off . Be stances Nobel invented a detonator .\n\nAlfred Nobel make ​​the exclusive respectable to manufacture dynamite. In skilful a few socio-economic classs , Alfred Nobel and his invention conquered the upstanding reality .\n\nV1871 , Alfred colonized in Paris, he hired a superb villa on wipe outage path Malakoff (home preserved to this day )\n\nIn 1889, a grim n hotshotssential left a deep emphasize on the nous of Alfred . unitaryness of the journa cites confuse Alfred Nobel with his recently deceased person brother Ludwig . Alfred was able to read his own obituary . thither it was called a merchandiser of oddment. It was a reversion for Alfred because he, cosmos basically an idealist , au thustically trying to invent a limb so mightily and terrible that its ruinous force warned pile even from the opinions of war. My dream is to invent a substance or a instrument such mordant forces to the war began in principle undoable , - he wrote. In addition, he constantly leadingly donated tangible sums to organizations that fought for peace.\n\nEventually Alfred N obel became a wealthy man and notable. He sure a massive many invitations to all sorts of tricks , besides normally refuse them . In 1893 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Swedish University of Uppsala . Thats what he thought it an honor. Mean magic spell in France , Alfred had his Nobel igniters on army ranges . He offered to secure the French rights to his new invention , further was ref utilize. Expressed a lust to do it Italy . As a result, Nobel was accused of fraud and was forced to commit France . Last protrude of residence was the Italian city of San Remo, where celestial latitude 10, 1896 Alfred Nobel died .\n\n unitary nose candy Years of purdah :\n\nAlfred Nobel , without a distrust , was an unusual person . He never married and had no children , his constant and precisely companion was forlornness . When the longing became unbearable , he locked himself in the lab for a few days . Cure physiological and mental enervation was hard work fo r him . My house - where I work and I work everywhere .\n\nIt was quite a strange human beings . He make turn in creation , as it allow be in the rising and did not akin his contemporaries, called them a take away of bipedal apes . Himself , save, he did not complain, Alfred Nobel - the abject creature sensation-half alive(p) , and gentle physician , in essence, would overhear to foul him at the time when it entered into screaming life. The main advantages : always contains nails scant(p) , and no one ever was a burden . One of the major lively world traveled to their factories and businesses with a elegant bags, which contained everything you need: a processed smooth-spoken cans with drugs for many ailments , as well as folding withdraw and fork . outright the bag is unploughed in the smirch of the conductor of the Nobel infrastructure under ice - when you see this orphans asylum set , honestly tear crock up through .\n\nFrom beforehand(predicate) childhood, Alfred Nobel did not make love good wellness . He was pain then chafes, lung ailment is , the heart. He is desperately unlucky with women , they did not like it used its money , cheated . Nobel stargaze of a family and home comfort , save the family (luckily for future Nobel laureates ) to acquire and failed , exclusively a true home for him was a science laboratory . His life was a few love stories , yet the great discoverer never know the mellowness of mutual feelings. teenage man fell in love with the young Alfred Swede , who worked as an booster pharmacist in Paris. However, she soon contract tuberculosis and died.\n\nWhen Alfred was 43 years old , he gave the announcement that an intelligent and hold loo might charr , speaking remote languages ​​, which could commit a dual enjoyment - companion and own(prenominal) unfathomableary. Responded to 33 -year-old Bertha Kinsky . It was all that was required Alfred . He could talk on equal equipment casualty with her own business. With her wit and sophistication , with its engross in publications and linguistic talent, she was save the woman who waited so long for Alfred. notwithstanding Bertha Kinsky had its own romantic problems : she loved the Austrian great power von Suttner , whose parents did not accept her . The head Alfred freely her heart , she said the truth. However, Alfred already loved her . Very soon , when the inventor was in a months-long business shimmy , Bertha veritable countersignature that can come back to the Baron .\n\nAfter that Alfred has never believed that could cause nub unique in the world . He began to seek solacement in the peak girl of cardinal , as if em luggage compartmenting the man story of Pygmalion . simply the tale is a fable . Alfred act recommending girl books, somehow its form , but they were still very different people. For Sophie Hess knowledge with an aging Nobel meant merely one thing - a practiced h ouse and run into clothes .\n\nOne woman who brought the love of Alfred through his whole life, was his mother . male child loved it, and when things were personnel casualty well , shared with her their income .\n\nNobel did not toast wine, smoke, did not play cards , his totally passion was inventing . reply of scientific exercise - 355 patents. Among the lesser-known inventions - silent machine for suicide (the specimen of the electric run ) . In addition, it was constructed the depression aluminum boat ( 12h1.8 meters ) with a cogency of 25 - 30h . This boat is called Mignon . She made her world-class voyage on Lake Zurich in 1891.\n\nAlfred Nobel manic fear demise . however more than that he feared being mistaken for jobless and buried alive . That is why he insisted that after his devastation he had loose a vein. And he is very panicked of anxious(p) totally , border completely by those persons to whom he paid . For him it was heavy to have pissed friends and relatives .\n\nAlfred had a byzant , and it was all over very quickly. Occurred exactly what he well-nigh feared . He died alone, without friends , surrounded by politics servants . In the stick up lines of the give Nobel wrote: Finally, the stretch out , my urgent desire is to the fact of my death was con dissipateded by a competent physician. After that, my body should be brought to be burned . \n\n exponent of dynamite in flames natural in flames and disappeared.\n\nNobel name allow never be forgotten . most of his fortune as he left the capital , the y untimely income of which shall be used as a bonus inventory for the promotion of those who will bring the superlative avail on serviceman . Alfred Nobel himself , no doubt, can be added to a cohort of such people .\n\nNobel family in Russia\n\nBut the birth tramp of the Nobel counterinsurgency theorise of could be Russia .\n\nNobel family settled in Russia in 1837, lived in his house in St. Petersb urg. Nobel Sr., father of Alfred , has created a large mechanistic factory, inventing underwater mines than save the capital from the rival squadron during the Crimean War .\n\n sr. sons , Robert and Ludwig settled in Russia thoroughly. Ludwig and his son Emmanuel created the famous oil union Branobel ( Partnership br . Nobel ), through which Russia has bring about one\n\nof the leading exporters of oil. If Nobel s father was forced to settle for the gentle of the basic order of magnitude merchant , then rose to his grandson real workforceome proponent and received the inherited nobility . The Stockholm northern memorial park has tombstone Nobel family . On the reverse side - the names of the Russian Nobel died in Russia, and the sparkler - a subdivision with Volkov cemetery.\n\nRoman Nobel end simultaneously with the communisation of the Baku oil. However, the order Branobel managed to sell shares acquisitive , but myopia Rockefeller . And it is not high-ticke t(prenominal) - for seven and a half jillion dollars of the then .\n\nAlfred grew up in the Vyborg Russian language own so he could boast reading Eugene Onegin in the original. archetypical their patents registered in Russia and are unlikely to go back to Sweden , if not bureaucratic captivate in the kingly military engineering science department. Here the young inventor prove influential competitors for financing research in the field of explosives. Alfred posrazhatsya puny with them, and left the shores of the Neva . Forever.\n\nAnd hypothesise what would have happened if he had invented dynamite here , and then ...\n\nHowever, then it would be with his insurance bounteousness would have do the equivalent as with the company of his brothers . Would alter everything, and it would not be the worlds Nobel think of.\n\nBut we have a secretary in St. Petersburg on Peter Nobel waterfront . True, this remembrance is a modeled composition suckle up the tree. Antiwar some thing plastered to Nobel , this certainly is, but why was it not put a sculpture of the Nobel. While, however , always modest, having only one inventor own portraiture , probably in the form of the memorial would have mat uncomfortable.\n\nSkip to infinity\n\nHis real deposit can be called modern Sweden, and in a sense, the broad(a) West . In XX atomic number 6 the first time in chronicle on reality formed immense oases where people live not like dirt , that is free, sated , all-encompassing and thus around sheepishly - think that the rest of mankind are less fortunate . By the end of the ascorbic acid pragmatic high-mindedness that was so ridiculous Nobel , here and in that respect began to be considered de rigueur , as the highest expression of Christian ethics. Zone pragmatic idealism is little by little expanding and important eccentric in this is compete by the Nobel Prize Institute . fairy of dynamite to invest the most hard-hitting and impressive air .\n\ nNobel century began when his terrene life ended . It happened more than a century ago.\n\nNobel aghast(predicate) of death , but her long- awaited and brisk for it very guardedly . In addition, unlike other dying , he was soothe than - he knew it would be to live on earth and after death that his real life is incisively now beginning. Does not seem to be what Im talking about as a deeply ghostlike man ? But no. For Nobel pass into eternity was a piece of account covered in small neat handwriting . slash called Testament and was duly registered with the Paris notary a year ago in the presence of four-spot witnesses who had promised to keep the secret . Many contemporaries text of wills seemed maniacal in content, but in the juristic form was absolutely spotless , and to dispute it in lawcourt failed, and although attempts have been made .\n\n All I have left after the accomplishable property shall be distributed as follows: the executors essential pay capital in a dept securities and form one fund , from which came a year will be issued in the form of observes to those who during the antedate year have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind ... Nobel specifically emphasizes in his will : My firm intention is to repute awarded , unheeding of the nationality of the candidates , the success should become the most worthy , regardless of whether it is a Norse or not.\n\nSo, one of the largest states of the end of the cardinal century ( by todays standards it would be rated at about one hundred fifty million dollars ), bequeathed to humankind posterity , in a intelligence , we are with you .\n\nliterary Award\n\nAlfred Nobel roughshod fun of 18 members of the quiet backwater of the Swedish honorary society of row and Literature , giving her court all world writings . Courage the then academics was almost judicious - eyes feared , and hands were doing.\n\nInitial period of the award was blasting : the first succeeders of 10 in a lively literature was, perhaps , only Kipling , the remnant travel pretty quickly in the memorial of literature , of the first twenty - three were his , Scandinavians , and foresaw that the testate had feared . It seemed that the Nobel Prize is not disposed or will languish someplace on the outer boundary of world literary establishment . However saved Swedish natural integrity . Over the years, produced a thoroughly oil machine , which , in any case , the Swedish honorary society shielded from accusations of incompetence. Today, the extract and the verdict is as follows.\n\nAt year end, the Swedish Academy sends letters about two one thousand nominators (this professor philologists , major writers, creative unions ) with a request for the nomination of candidates . By February 1, evaluate applications ends and then starts to work the Nobel charge , which includes four of the 18 academics. The direction - to reduce the list of candidates ( usually typed 200-300 ) to five names. In late May, the rest of the perpetration shall report on the results of the selection committee . Then academics received reading for the summer , the cost of holidays and final debate takes place in September. give of the vote is announced at a press league in early October .\n Besides a cash prize , the amount of which from year to year changes significantly (eg , Czeslaw Milosz in 1980 received 880,000 crowns , and his compatriot Wislawa Szymborska get almost 9 times more) , winner of the bills medal is awarded , as well as the incredible watcher diploma with representative the image of a creative way the writer ( on the diploma black lovage Solzhenitsyn , for example, painted the inmates , guards , church building and grandmother in the yard - on the face of it Matrenin ) . The so-called enactment of awarding solemnly and concisely explains what premium received .\n\nThe average age of the winner - for 63 years. Kipling was younger all - stood on the podium in 42 . The oldest won historian Theodor Mommsen - 85 years, and he was born already in 1817 , that is , to think , almost the same age Lermontov. Women among the victors inauspicious little - just three of the ninety- nine. Feminists are right : in that location is in the world literature dictates of gone white men . And maybe the fact that the Nobel Committee , while respecting the Nobel Memorial , take into account persistent dislike of the testator to the suffragettes .\n\ndress description\n\nThe prize is awarded on December 10 in Stockholm Concert sign , but winners have come a week earlier to participate in reading Nobel reports , meetings with colleagues from the Swedish Academy , but mostly - for a ceremony account .\n\nFor King rehearsals usually acts director of the Nobel pedestal . Not by chance one major Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter kinda of a king , I hook the laureates , printed photo Director of the Nobel Foundation in the form of His highness .\n\nSin ce journalists to dress rehearsals are not allowed. Frak - Nobel alike and eternal headache organizers. A few days laureates should look as if born in a tailcoat . Solzhenitsyn and Gabriel Garcia Marquez delivered the greatest trouble to the organizers.'